explain briefly different types of General Function used in SQL

1. Aggregate Functions: These operate on a set of values and return a single value. Examples include SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX.
2. String Functions: Manipulate and operate on strings. Functions like CONCAT, SUBSTRING, UPPER, LOWER, LENGTH, and REPLACE are used for string manipulation.
3. Numeric Functions: Operate on numeric data types. Functions such as ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, POWER, and SQRT are used for mathematical operations.
4. Date and Time Functions: Perform operations on date and time values. These include functions like NOW, DATE, TIME, DATEADD, DATEDIFF, MONTH, YEAR, and DAY.
5. Conversion Functions: Convert data from one type to another. Functions like CAST and CONVERT help convert data types.
6. Conditional Functions: Evaluate conditions and return values based on the condition. CASE and COALESCE are common conditional functions used in SQL.
   7. NULL-related Functions: Handle NULL values within queries. Functions like ISNULL, IFNULL, and NULLIF help manage NULL values in data.
   8. Window Functions: Perform calculations across a set of rows related to the current row. Functions like ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LEAD, and LAG are used in this context.
   9. Mathematical Functions: Offer various mathematical operations on numerical data. Functions such as EXP, LOG, MOD, SIGN, and TRUNC are used for mathematical calculations.
   10. System Functions: Provide information about the database, system, or environment. Examples include DATABASE, USER, VERSION, and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

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