In Oracle PL/SQL, a package is a database object that encapsulates related procedures, functions, variables, and cursors into a single unit. It provides a way to organize and group related code, improving modularity, reusability, and maintainability of the codebase.
A package consists of two parts:
- Package Specification: This is the interface of the package that defines the public elements accessible from outside the package. It includes the declarations of variables, cursors, constants, types, procedures, and functions that can be used by other programs.
- Package Body: This is the implementation section of the package that contains the actual code for the procedures and functions defined in the package specification. It includes the private elements that are only accessible within the package.
By using packages, you can create reusable code modules, enforce encapsulation, and control access to the package elements. Packages also help improve performance by reducing the amount of code sent to the database server and promoting code sharing and reuse.
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Here’s a simple example of a package in Oracle PL/SQL:
In the above example, the has a procedure called “greet” and a function called “add_numbers”. These can be called by other programs that have access to the package. The package body provides the implementation for these procedures and functions.
This way, the package provides a modular and organized approach to writing PL/SQL code.